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The influence of the crop structure in various types of crop rotations on the balance of phosphorus and potassium

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Abstract

The article presents the results of a long-term stationary field experiment to study the balance of phosphorus and potassium in various types of crop rotations. When applying fertilizers to cultivated crops at recommended doses both economic and soil balance of phosphorus and potassium largely depended on the type of crop rotation, determined by the structure of crops, as well as on the initial content of those elements in soil and the level of the yield of the studied crops and crop rotations affecting directly the removal. The economic balance of mobile phosphorus (P2O5) in all the studied crop rotations was positive. The actual changes in the content of mobile phosphorus (P2O5) in soil were less than those calculated by the balance. More significant deviations of actual changes from the calculated ones for economic balance to the direction of decrease were observed in row, cereal row and cereal-grass-row crop rotations with a high specific weight of row crops, and less significant deviations were in crop rotations with perennial legumes and leguminous-cereal grasses. Consequently, more phosphorus was concentrated in immobile forms in crop rotation without clover or with low specific weight of clover.The economic balance of potassium in cereal-grass-row and cereal row crop rotation with perennial grasses can be characterized as weakly positive with transition to slightly negative when perennial grasses are used in more effective combinations. In row, cereal row and cereal-grass-row crop rotation with a high specific weight of row crops the balance of potassium was negative. Actually, changes in the content of exchangeable potassium (K2O) in soil in cereal-grass-row and cereal grass crop rotations with clover and clover-cereal mixture were higher than the calculated ones in terms of balance. At the same time, the increase of K2O content in soil in such crop rotations took place not only with a positive, but also with a slightly negative economic balance. Consequently, cultivation of clover in its pure form or in a mixture in crop rotation due to the root system activity contributes to the increase of available forms of potassium in soil owing to less available ones, replenishment of exchangeable forms due to nonexchangeable ones.

For citations:

Privalov F., Skirukha A. The influence of the crop structure in various types of crop rotations on the balance of phosphorus and potassium. Agrarian Economics. 2021;(3):62-72. (In Russ.)

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ISSN 1818-9806 (Print)

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