The article presents the results of systematization of methodological approaches to taking into account the influence of natural and economic conditions on the location, structure and specialization of agricultural production; recommendations of domestic scientists on the location of agricultural sectors and measures for its adaptation to climate change were considered; an algorithm has been proposed for improving the structure and specialization of agricultural production based on taking into account natural and economic factors.

In dynamics for 2018–2022 analysed the main indicators of investment of fixed capital in the agriculture of Belarus, as well as the innovative development of the domestic food industry. Proposals are given to intensify investment and innovation activities in the agri-food sector in the context of stimulating start-up projects.

The materials present scientific, theoretical and practical features of the analysis of material costs in agriculture. An assessment is given of the level of use of material resources in agriculture and its sectors, in terms of types of products, the results of an analysis of costs by groups in the cultivation of grain, reflecting their relationship with production and economic indicators

The classification of innovative risks in the agroindustrial complex in the context of the life cycle of an innovative product is presented, which made it possible to substantiate the problems of their occurrence. The factors that contribute to the implementation of the mechanism for reducing innovative risks in the agroindustrial complex are thrown out.

The article research’s theoretical and methodological approaches to the interdependent interpretation of the definitions of “invention”, “scientific-technical developments”, “innovations”, “competitive business” and reveals the dominance of the methodology of the largely autonomous identification of the categorical apparatus under study and the tools for its implementation in business. Studied the legal framework of scientific-technical and innovative activities in the Republic of Belarus. Substantiate institutionalization of the innovation attractiveness of the functioning of national innovation-active enterprises of the dairy industry.

The specific features of the development of the food industry on the basis of disruptive innovation, where fundamentally new conditions and opportunities are created to enter new segments of the sales market are studied. The innovativeness of the food factory involves creating business models to defeat or even undermine competitors through higher profitability and business security.
Emphasis will be paid to the essential elements of the meaningful foundation of the business model, аmong them: a special way of running a business, which includes a scheme of interaction with other market participants; creation of value for the customer, suggesting a set of unique resources, capabilities and processes; offering value, considering the network nature of relationships in the market and the role of the food factory in this network.

A comprehensive analysis of export-import flows of agri-food products in mutual trade between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation in a regional aspect is presented. A detailed description of the food basket of the administrative regions of the countries is given, both in value and in physical terms.

It has been determined that the formation of new growth points of the export potential of the administrative regions of Belarus should occur within the framework of the development of mutually beneficial cooperation with the regions of Russia in the agri-food sector.

A comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic situation of the population of rural areas of the Republic of Belarus was carried out. The demographic, economic and social aspects of the functioning and development of rural settlements have been studied. An assessment of trends in the development of rural areas is given from the perspective of achieving sustainable development goals.